Subduction Evolution Controlled Himalayan Orogenesis: Implications from 3-D Subduction Modeling

Himalayan orogenesis remains enigmatic in terms of Tibetan Plateau geodynamics originating from the Cenozoic India–Eurasian continental collision. India underthrusts below Tibet to Yarlung–Tsangpo suture, which has been identified as northernmost boundary for underplating. However, way historical evolution subduction induces plateau uplift and it controls variation between outboard inboard areas is still unclear. To interpret evolutionary mechanisms involved growth history, we constructed different 3-D dynamic models at important stages address these questions related formation Himalayas on basis paleoenthalpy evidence encoded fossil leaves recently documented assemblages southern Tibet. The results show that (1) effect crustal thickening was predominant factor early Paleocene Eocene, resulted a moderate rate. (2) consecutive slab break-off eastward western syntaxis associated rebound significantly accelerated late Eocene Oligocene. upwelling asthenospheric flow key control increasing buoyancy, fastest during Miocene. (3) Thereafter, gradually enhanced monsoon surface erosion accompanying mountain height slowdown orogenic rate, counterbalanced buoyant force produced by driving continuous growth.